Abstract Background Genes and their variants associated with environmental factors contribute to the development of the hypertensive phenotype. The G protein beta 3 subunit gene (GNB3) is involved in the intracellular signaling process, and its variants have been related to susceptibility to arterial hypertension. Objective To determine the association of the GNB3 variant (rs5443:C>T) with arterial hypertension, biochemical parameters, age, and obesity in hypertensive and normotensive individuals from Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Method The identification of variants was performed by real-time PCR, using the TaqMan® system, in 310 samples (155 hypertensive and 155 normotensive). Biochemical analyses (renal function, lipid profile and glycemia) were performed from the serum using UV/Vis spectrophotometry and ion-selective electrode. A multiple logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with arterial hypertension. The analysis of continuous variables with normal distribution was performed using the unpaired Student’s t test; non-normal data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results The rs5443:C>T variant was not associated with arterial hypertension in the evaluated population (p = 0.88). Regarding biochemical measures, the T allele was associated with high levels of triglycerides, glucose and uric acid in hypertensive individuals (p < 0.05). Conclusion These results show the importance of genetic diagnosis to prevent the causes and consequences of diseases and imply that the GNB3 rs5443:C>T variant may be associated with changes in the biochemical profile in hypertensive individuals.

Resumo Fundamento Genes e suas variantes associadas a fatores ambientais contribuem para o desenvolvimento do fenótipo hipertenso. O gene da subunidade beta 3 da proteína G ( GNB3 ) está envolvido no processo de sinalização intracelular e suas variantes têm sido relacionadas à suscetibilidade à hipertensão arterial. Objetivo Determinar a associação da variante GNB3 (rs5443:C>T) com a hipertensão arterial, parâmetros bioquímicos, idade e obesidade em indivíduos hipertensos e normotensos de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais. Método A identificação das variantes foi realizada por PCR em tempo real, utilizando o sistema TaqMan®, em amostras de 310 pacientes (155 hipertensos e 155 normotensos). Análises bioquímicas (função renal, perfil lipídico e glicemia) foram realizadas a partir do soro por meio de espectrofotometria UV/Vis e eletrodo íon-seletivo. Foi utilizado um modelo de regressão logística múltipla para identificar fatores associados à hipertensão arterial. A análise das variáveis contínuas com distribuição normal foi realizada usando o teste t de Student não pareado; dados não normais foram analisados usando o teste de Mann-Whitney. Valores de p < 0,05 foram considerados significativos. Resultados A variante rs5443:C>T não esteve associada à hipertensão arterial na população avaliada (p = 0,88). Em relação às medidas bioquímicas, o alelo T esteve associado a níveis elevados de triglicerídeos, glicose e ácido úrico em indivíduos hipertensos (p < 0,05). Conclusão Os presentes resultados mostram a importância do diagnóstico genético para prevenir as causas e consequências de doenças e sugerem que a variante GNB3 rs5443:C>T pode estar associada a alterações no perfil bioquímico em indivíduos hipertensos.

Abstract Objective We aim to describe an experimental model for studying femoral fractures in rats after exposure to ionizing radiation, demonstrating a way to apply a substance for analysis, the method for patterning fracture and irradiation, and how to evaluate its effectiveness based on radiographic studies. Methods We used 24 rats divided into 2 groups of 12 animals each. The STUDY group was exposed to ionizing radiation and treated with saline solution, and the CONTROL group was not exposed to radiation and was treated with saline solution. All animals were subjected to standardized fracture of the right femur that was fixed with intramedullary wire. The efficiency of the bone union was assessed by radiographic exam. Results Fracture healing was more efficient in bones not exposed to ionizing radiation (p = 0.012). All fractures met the criteria of being simple, diaphyseal, transverse or short oblique. Conclusion The experimental model presented is an efficient alternative for the study of fractures in irradiated bones in rats.

Resumo Objetivo Nosso objetivo é descrever um modelo experimental para estudo de fraturas de fêmur em ratos após exposição a radiação ionizante, demonstrando uma forma de aplicação de uma substância para análise, o método de padronização de fratura e irradiação e a forma de avaliação de sua eficácia com base em estudos radiográficos. Métodos Utilizamos 24 ratos divididos em dois grupos de 12 animais cada. O grupo ESTUDO foi exposto à radiação ionizante e tratado com soro fisiológico, enquanto o grupo CONTROLE não foi exposto à radiação e foi tratado com soro fisiológico. Todos os animais foram submetidos à fratura padronizada do fêmur direito e sua fixação com fio intramedular. A eficácia da consolidação óssea foi determinada por exame radiográfico. Resultados A cicatrização de fraturas foi mais eficiente em ossos não expostos à radiação ionizante (p = 0,012). Todas as fraturas atenderam aos critérios de serem simples, diafisárias, transversas ou oblíquas curtas. Conclusão O modelo experimental apresentado é uma boa alternativa para o estudo de fraturas em ossos irradiados em ratos.

Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by unregulated and clonal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow; these cells produce and secrete an anomalous monoclonal immunoglobulin, or a fragment of this, called M protein. The clinical manifestations of MM result from the proliferation of these plasmocytes, the excessive production of monoclonal immunoglobulin and the suppression of normal humoral immunity, leading to hypercalcemia, bone destruction, renal failure, suppression of hematopoiesis and humoral immunity, increasing the risk for the development of infections. The increase in life expectancy of the world population led to a concomitant increase in the prevalence of MM, a pathology that usually affects the elderly population. The aim of this review is to update the reader on epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis with other monoclonal gam-mopathies, systemic treatment and prognosis of MM.

Resumo O mieloma múltiplo (MM) constitui neoplasia maligna de origem hematológica caracterizada pela proliferação desregulada e clonal de plasmócitos na medula óssea; estas células produzem e secretam imunoglobulina monoclonal anômala, ou um fragmento desta, denominado proteína M. As manifestações clínicas do MM decorrem da proliferação destes plasmócitos, da produção excessiva de imunoglobulina monoclonal e da supressão da imunidade humoral normal, levando à hipercalcemia, destruição óssea, insuficiência renal, supressão da hematopoiese e da imunidade humoral,aumentandooriscoparaodesenvolvimento de infecções. O aumento na expectativa de vida da população mundial levou a concomitante incremento na prevalência do MM, patologia que habitualmente acomete a população idosa. O objetivo desta revisão é atualizar o leitor sobre a epidemiologia, critérios diagnósticos, diagnóstico diferencial com outras gamopatias monoclonais, tratamento sistêmico e prognóstico do MM.

Abstract The increase in life expectancy of the world population has led to a concomitant increase in the prevalence of multiple myeloma (MM), a disease that usually affects the elderly population. Bone lesions are frequent in patients with this condition, demanding an early approach, from drug treatment, through radiotherapy to orthopedic surgery (prophylactic or therapeutic) with the objective of preventing or delaying the occurrence of fracture, or, when this event has already occurred, treat it through stabilization or replacement (lesions located in the appendicular skeleton) and/or promote stabilization and spinal cord decompression (lesions located in the axial skeleton), providing rapid pain relief, return to ambulation and resocialization, returning quality of life to patients. The aim of this review isto update the reader on the findings of pathophysiology, clinical, laboratory and imaging, differential diagnosis and therapeutic approach of multiple myeloma multiple myeloma bone disease (MMBD).

Resumo O aumento da expectativa devida da população mundial levou a incremento concomitante na prevalência de mieloma múltiplo (MM), patologia que geralmente afeta a população idosa. Lesões ósseas são frequentes nos portadores desta condição, demandando abordagem precoce, desde o tratamento medicamentoso, passando pela radioterapia até a cirurgia ortopédica (profilática ou terapêutica) com os objetivos de prevenir ou retardar a ocorrência de fratura, ou, quando este evento já ocorreu, tratá-la mediante estabilização ou substituição (lesões situadas no esqueleto apendicular) e/ou promover estabilização e descompressão medular (lesões situadas no esqueleto axial), proporcionando rápido alívio da dor, retorno à deambulação e ressocialização, devolvendo a qualidade de vida aos pacientes. O objetivo desta revisão é atualizar o leitor sobre a fisiopatologia, a clínica, exames laboratoriais e de imagem, diagnóstico diferencial e abordagem terapêutica da doença óssea no mieloma múltiplo (DOMM).

Abstract This article addresses the Brazilian government’s response to the covid-19 pandemic, particularly the public health surveillance and epidemic intelligence system. It traces the evolution of disease surveillance as a response to the International Health Regulations in the context of global health. Executive orders published in the official gazette, Diário Oficial da União, are analyzed, as well as the actors and groups formed to tackle the pandemic between January 2020 and March 2022. The founding assumption is that epidemic intelligence must be placed at the service of public health. Bureaucratic tension and changes in protagonism among different groups can be observed as these intelligence mechanisms were dismantled.

Resumo O artigo aborda a resposta do governo brasileiro à pandemia da covid-19, enfatizando o sistema de vigilância em saúde e de inteligência epidemiológica. Retoma a evolução da vigilância em resposta às normas do Regulamento Sanitário Internacional, no contexto da saúde global. Analisa os atos do Executivo publicados no Diário Oficial da União e se detém nos atores e grupos formados para o enfrentamento da pandemia da covid-19 de janeiro de 2020 até março de 2022. Parte da premissa de que a inteligência epidemiológica deve estar a serviço da saúde pública. Constata-se que certo tensionamento burocrático e a transferência de protagonismo entre grupos marcam o desmonte dos mecanismos de inteligência.

Resumo Analisa as experiências de adoecimento por câncer de mama de mulheres em tratamento no Hospital do Câncer III do Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro. Argumenta que parte da experiência das mulheres entrevistadas foi construída pela interação entre a convivência familiar e a mobilização de diferentes significados culturais da doença e da feminilidade, negociando sentidos para entidades biomédicas. O estudo resulta de uma pesquisa qualitativa de inspiração etnográfica, que entrevistou mulheres em tratamento de câncer de mama ao longo de 2015. Parte dos depoimentos para discutir a interação da sociedade com as entidades biomédicas para a significação do câncer no Brasil entre as décadas de 1990 e 2010.

Abstract The paper analyses illness experiences of breast cancer in women undergoing treatment at the Hospital of Cancer III of the National Institute of Cancer. It argues that part of the interviewed women’s experience was constructed from the interaction between family coexistence and the mobilisation of different cultural meanings of the disease and femininity, negotiating senses for biomedical entities. The study results from a qualitative research of ethnographic inspiration that interviewed women undergoing treatment from breast cancer during 2015. It draws on the accounts to discuss the interaction of society with biomedical entities for the significance of cancer in Brazil between the 1990s and 2010s.

Encyclia cordigera is native from Central America tropical region, and Encyclia randii occurs at Brazilian Amazon environment domains. Floral concentrates from both Encyclia species were extracted, analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and identified compounds belong to terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, and fatty acid derivatives classes. Primary constituents of the E. cordigera floral scent were β-ionol (45.4%), terpinen-4-ol (12.4%), benzyl benzoate (5.6%), and indole (5.0%). (2E,6Z)-Farnesol (24.9%), heptanal (11.8%), (E)-nerolidol (9.4%), nonanal (6.4%), p-vinyl-guaiacol (6.0%), and phenylethyl benzoate (5.3%) have predominated in the floral scent of E. randii. From the olfactory standpoint, E. cordigera scent was previously characterized as a blend of ionone-floral and aromatic-floral notes. Very likely, E. randii scent presents the woody fragrance due to sesquiterpenes (2E,6Z)-farnesol and (E)-nerolidol and the fruity note from the aldehydes heptanal and nonanal. Floral perfume plays a fundamental role in attracting pollinating insects, whose symbiosis contributes to the appearance of chemical variations in orchid species.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the effect of rootstocks (IAC 572 and IAC 766) and potassium fertilization at different concentrations (0, 75, 150 and 300 kg·ha-1 K2O) on the phenology and thermal demand of the Niagara Rosada grapevine, and to evaluate the development of chemical traits during maturation stage. The length of the main phenological stages was recorded within two production seasons. Total thermal demand was calculated using the degree-day concept. The berries’ titratable acidity and soluble solids contents were determined during maturation. Results indicated that IAC 572 and IAC 766 rootstocks along with potassium fertilization had no influence on the phenological cycle or thermal demand of the Niagara Rosada grapevine. The production cycle lasted 144 to 148 days with thermal demands ranging from 1,465.2 to 1,615.1 degree-days. For better grape quality, i.e., with a balance between soluble solids and acidity levels, it is estimated that the grape harvest is carried out around 21 to 24 days after the veraison.

Abstract The aim of this work was to determine the total phenolic content and evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial, photoprotective and cytotoxic properties of corn silk ethanol extract prepared from corn silk that was air-dried at room temperature. Corn silk ethanol extract has a high content of phenolic compounds. The concentrations of ethanol extract required to produce 50% of maximal effect (EC50) in DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays were 489.0 and 166.1 µg/mL respectively, indicating low activity when compared to the positive control. The ethanolic extract of corn silk showed antibacterial activity, mainly on Gram-positive bacteria. The in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) of the ethanolic extract of corn silk incorporated into sunscreen UVA-UVB 5% gel with Pemulen TR-1® was evaluated for the first time. A relative increase in SPF efficacy was observed for the extract when the sunscreen was incorporated. The ethanolic extract of corn silk and the gel were considered non-cytotoxic. The corn silk ethanolic extract was characterized using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS). Eleven compounds including flavonoids, coumaric acid derivatives, terpenoid, hydroxycinnamic acid derivative and quinic acid derivative were suggested based on their accurate mass and MS/MS spectra.

ABSTRACT. The study of promoters has become essential to elucidate genetic regulation and allow new genetic transformation strategies through plant biotechnology. The challenge is to discover and validate promoters that can regulate gene transcription spatially and/or temporally. The goal of this work was to validate genes associated with tissue-specific promoters of bananas obtained from in silico sequences and selected from the DATAMusa databank. Gene expression was quantified using RT-qPCR from different tissues: leaves, flowers, roots, unripe pulp, ripe pulp, unripe peels, and ripe peels of two different genetic groups: Prata-Anã (PA; group AAB) and Grand Naine (GN; group AAA). After the analysis of the expression of genes associated with the promoters, normalization was performed with the most stable reference genes (TUB and L2) selected using the RefFinder tool. It was determined that five genes were specific or expressed to a greater extent in some tissues than others. The EMB-23 gene was highly expressed in ripe pulp and flowers of GN, EMB-26 in the ripe pulp of GN, EMB-27 in flowers of GN, EMB-28 in roots of PA and ripe pulp and roots of GN, and EMB-31 in roots and flowers of GN and PA, and unripe pulp of GN. The in silico analysis was efficient in the identification of spatial/time-specific genes, thereby decreasing analysis time and cost, making future genetic transformation studies focusing on the application of these tissue-specific promoters possible.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de 19 porta-enxertos clonais sobre o crescimento vegetativo e os teores de nutrientes nas folhas dos pessegueiros (Prunus persica) 'BRS Kampai' e 'BRS Rubimel'. No período de 2014 a 2018, foram realizados dois ensaios em campo, nos municípios de Jarinu e Jundiaí, no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Foram avaliadas as cultivares BRS Kampai e BRS Rubimel enxertadas em 19 porta-enxertos clonais, além de suas copas autoenraizadas, em Jarinu e Jundiaí, respectivamente. Em Jarinu, os porta-enxertos Barrier, Cadaman, 'Capdeboscq', Flordaguard, GxN9, I-67-52-4, 'Okinawa', México Fila-1, Nemared, Tsukuba-2 e Tsukuba-3, além da copa autoenraizada, apresentaram melhor desempenho para crescimento vegetativo e teores de nutrientes nas folhas. Em Jundiaí, todos os genótipos, exceto Marianna 2624 e Mirabolano 29C, não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas quanto ao crescimento vegetativo. O desempenho de 'BRS Kampai' e 'BRS Rubimel' autoenraizadas é similar ao dos porta-enxertos tradicionais, como 'Okinawa'. Assim, as cultivares-copa avaliadas podem ser consideradas alternativa interessante para locais com condições bióticas e abióticas de solo adequadas.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of 19 clonal rootstocks on the vegetative growth and foliar nutrient contents of the 'BRS Kampai' and 'BRS Rubimel' peach (Prunus persica) trees. In the period of 2014 to 2018, two field trials were carried out in the municipalities of Jarinu and Jundiaí, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The BRS Kampai and BRS Rubimel cultivars, budded on 19 clonal rootstocks, besides their own-rooted scions, were evaluated in Jarinu and Jundiaí, respectively. In Jarinu, the Barrier, Cadaman, 'Capdeboscq', Flordaguard, GxN9, I-67-52-4, 'Okinawa', México Fila-1, Nemared, Tsukuba-2, and Tsukuba-3 rootstocks, as well as the own-rooted scion, showed the best performance for vegetative growth and foliar nutrient contents. In Jundiaí, all genotypes, except Marianna 2624 and Mirabolano 29C, did not show any statistical difference regarding vegetative growth. The performance of own-rooted 'BRS Kampai' and 'BRS Rubimel' is similar to that of traditional rootstocks, such as 'Okinawa'. Therefore, the evaluated scion cultivars may be an interesting alternative for sites with suitable biotic and abiotic soil conditions.

ABSTRACT The expansion of blackberry cropping in subtropical regions is recent, requiring adaptability studies and the development of new cultivars, as well as suitable plant management. Aiming to study adaptability and agronomic performance of blackberry (Rubus spp.) under drastic summer pruning in a subtropical region, the response of four blackberry cultivars (‘BRS Tupy’, ‘Guarani’, ‘Brazos’ and ‘Choctaw’) to N and K fertilization was evaluated during two growing seasons in Jundiaí (Brazil). The experiment used split-plots in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The plots consisted of combinations of three N rates (75, 150 and 300 kg·ha–1·year–1) and three K rates (50, 100 and 200 kg·ha–1·year–1 of K2O) in factorial arrangement and an additional control treatment without fertilizer application. In the subplots, four cultivars of blackberry were studied. Considering fruit yield, accumulation of phytomass and mineral elements, as well as the nutrient efficiency use, the cultivars that showed greater adaptation to cultivation in a subtropical area under drastic summer pruning management are ‘Brazos’, ‘Guarani’, ‘BRS Tupy’ and ‘Choctaw’, in that order. An annual application of 120 and 67 kg·ha–1 of N and K2O, respectively, is expected to be sufficient to achieve maximum economic yield.

ABSTRACT Most Brazilian soils have restrictions on agricultural use related to acidity and nutrient availability. This study aims to evaluate a zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) mining by-product (Zincal™), regarding its capacity to correct soil acidity, and to serve as a source of Zn. For evaluation of its efficacy, a comparison with dolomite + Zn sulfate was conducted. The experiment was set up in two soils, a Quartzarenic Neosol and a Red Latosol, and conducted under controlled conditions in the laboratory. Treatments consisted in the application of two doses, aiming at 75 and 95% base saturation of both liming materials, as well as in a control treatment without acidity correction. The effect of said treatments on pH, base saturation, Al3+, H+Al, Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn, Mn and Pb contents were evaluated over 120 days. Similar responses were obtained from both liming materials, regarding their capacity to increase the pH of the soil, reduce Al3+ and potential acidity (H+Al), and increase base saturation. Differences observed in these attributes were dose-related. In regard to Ca and Mg, the content released in soil correlates with the content present in the liming materials. Zincal™ released more Mg and less Ca than dolomite, hence proving to be efficient in releasing Zinc.

Resumo Este estudo analisa os sentidos atribuídos ao conceito de medicalização do parto a partir de uma revisão narrativa de literatura em periódicos nacionais publicados entre 2000 e 2017. Parte-se da concepção mais geral sobre medicalização – entendida como o processo pelo qual a medicina amplia e consolida a sua área de atuação nos diversos campos da sociedade – e das diferentes formulações do conceito concebidas por estudiosos do século XX. Foram construídas cinco categorias que relacionaram medicalização do parto com: intervenções, disputa profissional, violação de direitos das gestantes, cenário do parto e reflexo da medicalização da sociedade. Nas quatro primeiras categorias encontramos um predomínio de sentidos que exploram uma interface entre medicalização e humanização, constituindo-se como duas supercategorias analíticas, com um predomínio de uma crítica ao modelo medicalizado. Fugindo a este modelo de análise, a categoria medicalização do parto como reflexo da medicalização da sociedade se concentra em torno de um sentido de medicalização do parto como parte de um processo mais amplo que envolve diferentes atores que seriam copartícipes no processo de assistência, apontando para uma possibilidade de análise mais aprofundada em que considera a complexa conexão entre saúde e sociedade moderna.

Abstract This study analyzes the meanings attributed to the concept of the medicalization of childbirth from a narrative review of the literature in national journals published between 2000 and 2017. It is based on the more general concept of medicalization – understood as the process by which medicine broadens and consolidates its area of activity in the various sectors of society – and the different formulations of the concept conceived by twentieth-century scholars. Five categories were created that related the medicalization of childbirth with interventions, professional dispute, violation of the rights of pregnant women, the birth scenario, and the impact of the medicalization of society. In the first four categories there is a predominance of meanings that explore the interface between medicalization and humanization, considered two analytical super categories, with a predominance of a critique of the medicalized model. Setting aside this analysis model, the medicalization of childbirth category as a reflection of the medicalization of society focuses on a sense of medicalization of childbirth as part of a broader process involving different actors who are part of the care process, pointing to a possibility of more in-depth analysis in which it considers the complex connection between modern health and society.